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First-Party Cookies:
Set by the website you're visiting directly
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Set by other domains (usually advertisers) embedded in the website
Commonly used for tracking across multiple sites
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What They Do:
Once you log in to a site, the server creates an authentication cookie and sends it to your browser. This cookie:
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Here’s how you can disable cookies in common browsers:
1. Google Chrome
Open Chrome and click the three vertical dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies and other site data.
Choose your preferred option:
Block all cookies (not recommended, can break most websites).
Block third-party cookies (can block ads and tracking cookies).
2. Mozilla Firefox
Open Firefox and click the three horizontal lines in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy & Security.
Under the Enhanced Tracking Protection section, choose Strict to block most cookies or Custom to manually choose which cookies to block.
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Open Safari and click Safari in the top-left corner of the screen.
Go to Preferences > Privacy.
Check Block all cookies to stop all cookies, or select options to block third-party cookies.
4. Microsoft Edge
Open Edge and click the three horizontal dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy, search, and services > Cookies and site permissions.
Select your cookie settings from there, including blocking all cookies or blocking third-party cookies.
5. On Mobile (iOS/Android)
For Safari on iOS: Go to Settings > Safari > Privacy & Security > Block All Cookies.
For Chrome on Android: Open the app, tap the three dots, go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies.
Be Aware:
Disabling cookies can make your online experience more difficult. Some websites may not load properly, or you may be logged out frequently. Also, certain features may not work as expected.
This research investigates tempering heat treatments for 4140 steel. The project has grown out of a collaboration with the Center for Heat Treat Excellence at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. We are exploring the effects of heating rate and tempering time on microstructural changes and related mechanical properties. Thermal processing is carried out using conventional lab furnaces and a Gleeble 3500.
Students working on this project include:
Evan Byers
Ryan Gordon
Kevin Sala
Brittany Nelson
Related Publications & Conference Presentations
Cai, X., Sisson, R., Frame, L. (2017) “The Effects of Heating Rates on the Tempering of 4140 Steel,” Proceedings of Heat Treat 2017, ASM International, Columbus, OH.
Cai, X., Sisson, R., Frame, L. (2017) “The Effects of Heating Rates on the Tempering of 4140 Steel,” Heat Treat 2017, Columbus, OH. October 23- 26, 2017.
Cai, X., L. Frame, Y. Lu and R. Sisson, (2016) “The Effects of Induction and Furnace Tempering Parameters on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Fatigue Performance of Quenched and Tempered AISI 4140 Steel,” MS&T 16, Salt Lake City, UT, October 24-27, 2016
Cast Microstructures
This project compares the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) to the cooling rate and alloy composition to build constitutive equations that describe the processing-structure relationships for several copper alloys.
